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1 the king of Spain
מלך ספרד (השליט המלכותי של ספרד)* * *◙ (דרפס לש יתוכלמה טילשה) דרפס ךלמ◄ -
2 the king of Spain
de koning van Spanje (heerser van het koninkrijk van Spanje) -
3 singe the beard of the King of Spain
ист."подпалить бороду испанского короля", опустошать берега Испании [выражение создано Ф. Дрейком (F. Drake, 1545-95)]I remember Drake in the vaunting style of a soldier, would call the Enterprise the singeing of the King of Spain's beard. (F. Bacon, ‘Considerations Touching on War with Spain’, Kenk) — Я помню, как Дрейк, готовя очередной поход, хвастался, что "подпалит бороду испанского короля"
If Drake had had Charles Montagu behind him, he would have done more than singe the beard of the King of Spain. (G. M. Trevelyan, ‘History of England’, book IV, ch. IX) — Если бы Чарлз Монтегю оказал поддержку Дрейку, тот разорил бы не только побережье Испании.
Large English-Russian phrasebook > singe the beard of the King of Spain
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4 His Majesty the King of Spain
Общая лексика: Его Величество Король ИспанииУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > His Majesty the King of Spain
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5 king
king [kɪŋ]1 noun∎ King Henry the Eighth le roi Henri VIII;∎ the King of Spain/Belgium le roi d'Espagne/des Belges;∎ the Three Kings les trois Mages, les Rois mages;∎ figurative the king of (the) beasts le roi des animaux;∎ figurative the fast-food king le roi ou le magnat de la restauration rapide;∎ to live like a king vivre en grand seigneur;∎ familiar I'm the king of the castle! (in children's games) c'est moi le plus fort!;∎ to pay a king's ransom (for sth) payer une fortune ou un prix fou (pour qch)∎ the king of hearts le roi de cœur∎ Bible (the book of) Kings (le livre des) Rois►► Law King's Bench = en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles, l'une des trois divisions de la High Court, ≃ tribunal m de grande instance;Law King's Bench Division ≃ cour f d'assises (en Grande-Bretagne et au Canada);Zoology King Charles spaniel king-charles m inv, épagneul m du roi Charles;Zoology king cobra cobra m royal, hamadryade f;King's Counsel avocat(e) m,f de la Couronne (en Grande-Bretagne), French Canadian conseil m du roi;British the King's English le bon anglais;old-fashioned Medicine King's evil (scrofula) écrouelles fpl;British the King's highway la voie publique;King James Bible, King James Version = version anglaise de la Bible publiée en 1611, "autorisée" par le roi Jacques 1er d'Angleterre;Ornithology king penguin manchot m royal;the King's Road = rue chic de Londres, très à la mode dans les années 60;king scallop grosse coquille f Saint-Jacques;Zoology king snake serpent-roi m;Ornithology king vulture condor m papa -
6 king
1 ( monarch) roi m ; King Charles le roi Charles ; the king of Spain le roi d'Espagne ; the king of kings le roi des rois ; the king of the jungle ou beasts le roi des animaux ;to live like a king vivre comme un roi or un coq en pâte ; to be the king of the castle être seigneur du château ; a cat may look at a king Prov un chien regarde bien un évêque Prov ; to king it over sb traiter qn de haut. -
7 Spain's possession
Spain's (the king's) possession испанские (королевские) владения -
8 Spain
Portugal's independence and sovereignty as a nation-state are based on being separate from Spain. Achieving this on a peninsula where its only landward neighbor, Spain, is stronger, richer, larger, and more populous, raises interesting historical questions. Considering the disparity in size of population alone — Spain (as of 2000) had a population of 40 million, whereas Portugal's population numbered little over 10 million—how did Portugal maintain its sometimes precarious independence? If the Basques, Catalans, and Galicians succumbed to Castilian military and political dominance and were incorporated into greater Spain, how did little Portugal manage to survive the "Spanish menace?" A combination of factors enabled Portugal to keep free of Spain, despite the era of "Babylonian Captivity" (1580-1640). These include an intense Portuguese national spirit; foreign assistance in staving off Spanish invasions and attacks between the late 14th century and the mid l9th century, principally through the Anglo- Portuguese Alliance and some assistance from France; historical circumstances regarding Spain's own trials and tribulations and decline in power after 1600.In Portugal's long history, Castile and Leon (later "Spain," as unified in the 16th century) acted as a kind of Iberian mother and stepmother, present at Portugal's birth as well as at times when Portuguese independence was either in danger or lost. Portugal's birth as a separate state in the 12th century was in part a consequence of the king of Castile's granting the "County of Portucale" to a transplanted Burgundian count in the late 11th century. For centuries Castile, Leon, Aragon, and Portugal struggled for supremacy on the peninsula, until the Castilian army met defeat in 1385 at the battle of Aljubarrota, thus assuring Portugal's independence for nearly two centuries. Portugal and its overseas empire suffered considerably under rule by Phillipine Spain (1580-1640). Triumphant in the War of Restoration against Spain (1640-68), Portugal came to depend on its foreign alliances to provide a counterweight to a still menacing kindred neighbor. Under the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, England (later Great Britain) managed to help Portugal thwart more than a few Spanish invasion threats in the next centuries. Rumors and plots of Spain consuming Portugal continued during the 19th century and even during the first Portuguese republic's early years to 1914.Following difficult diplomatic relations during Spain's subsequent Second Republic (1931-36) and civil war (1936-39), Luso-Span-ish relations improved significantly under the authoritarian regimes that ruled both states until the mid-1970s. Portugal's prime minister Antônio de Oliveira Salazar and Spain's generalissimo Francisco Franco signed nonaggression and other treaties, lent each other mutual support, and periodically consulted one another on vital questions. During this era (1939-74), there were relatively little trade, business, and cultural relations between the two neighbors, who mainly tended to ignore one another. Spain's economy developed more rapidly than Portugal's after 1950, and General Franco was quick to support the Estado Novo across the frontier if he perceived a threat to his fellow dictator's regime. In January 1962, for instance, Spanish army units approached the Portuguese frontier in case the abortive military coup at Beja (where a Portuguese oppositionist plot failed) threatened the Portuguese dictatorship.Since Portugal's Revolution of 25 April 1974, and the death of General Franco and the establishment of democracy in Spain (1975-78), Luso-Spanish relations have improved significantly. Portugal has experienced a great deal of Spanish investment, tourism, and other economic activities, since both Spain and Portugal became members of the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1986.Yet, Portugal's relations with Spain have become closer still, with increased integration in the European Union. Portugal remains determined not to be confused with Spain, and whatever threat from across the frontier exists comes more from Spanish investment than from Spanish winds, marriages, and armies. The fact remains that Luso-Spanish relations are more open and mutually beneficial than perhaps at any other time in history. -
9 Spain
(ESP) Конфедерация (зона): UEFA Участие в чемпионатах мира ФИФА: 11 (1934, 1950, 1962, 1966, 1978, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998, 2002) Чемпионы мира: None Столица: Madrid Население: 39996671 (2000) Рейтинг по населению: 15 * Территория: 504782 Рейтинг по территории: 12 * Валовый внутренний продукт (ВВП) на душу населения: 18000 Рейтинг по ВВП: 11 * Официальный(ые) язык(и): Castilian Spanish (official) Catalan Валюта: Euro Основные города: La Coruna, Barcelona, Bilbao Национальный(ые) прадник(и): National Day, 12 October Глава государства: Juan Carlos I (King)/Jose Maria Aznar (President) Низшая точка: Atlantic Ocean (0 m) Высшая точка: Pico de Teide (Tenerife) on Canary Islands (3,718 m) Место в рейтинге ФИФА (15 мая 2002 года): Примечание: Spain lies on the Iberian Peninsula, which is separated from the rest of Europe by the Pyrenees Mountains. Состав команды Тренер: CAMACHO Jose Antonio /ESP, тренер/ Игроки: ALBELDA /ESP, полузащитник/, BARAJA /ESP, полузащитник/, CONTRERAS Pedro /ESP, вратарь/, CURRO TORRES /ESP, защитник/, DE PEDRO /ESP, полузащитник/, HELGUERA Ivan /ESP, полузащитник/, HIERRO Fernando /ESP, защитник/, IKER CASILLAS /ESP, вратарь/, JOAQUIN /ESP, полузащитник/, JUANFRAN /ESP, защитник/, LUIS ENRIQUE /ESP, полузащитник/, LUQUE Albert /ESP, нападающий/, MENDIETA Gaizka /ESP, полузащитник/, MORIENTES Fernando /ESP, нападающий/, NADAL /ESP, защитник/, PUYOL /ESP, защитник/, RAUL /ESP, нападающий/, RICARDO /ESP, вратарь/, ROMERO /ESP, защитник/, SERGIO /ESP, полузащитник/, TRISTAN Diego /ESP, нападающий/, VALERON Juan Carlos /ESP, полузащитник/, XAVI /ESP, защитник/ * Рейтинг среди 32-х команд-участниц "2002 FIFA World Cup" -
10 João IV, king
(1604-1656)The duke of Braganza who headed the revolution of 1640 to restore Portugal's independence from Spain. He became King João IV, the first of the Braganza dynasty to rule. Under the so-called "Babylonian Captivity," Portugal was ruled by the Phil-lipine dynasty of Spain during 1580-1640. The rebellion of Catalonia against Spain in mid-1640 and restiveness in Portugal provided the occasion for the small country to organize a revolution and overthrow Spanish rule. João, duke of Braganza, was an heir of the Aviz dynasty and Portugal's most formidable noble and largest landowner. His power base was in the Alentejo province, his palace at Vila Viçosa. The revolution of the First of December 1640, a day that remains a national holiday in Portugal, was successful. Portugal recovered its independence, and João was proclaimed João IV of Portugal.With slim national resources to repel reassertions of Spanish control, King João IV built an effective administration and fought a series of wars with Spain. He was aided in the effort by Portugal's oldest ally, England, and was able to repel subsequent Spanish invasions. An important Anglo-Portuguese treaty that renewed the alliance was signed in 1654, but the king died only two years later and did not live to see the signing of the decisive 1668 Luso-Spanish treaty that formally ended Spain's efforts to take back Portugal. In Portuguese history, João retains the title of "The Restorer," and is a central figure in the Restoration era. -
11 Manuel I, king
(1469-1521)King Manuel I, named "The Fortunate" in Portuguese tradition, ruled from 1495 to 1521, the zenith of Portugal's world power and imperial strength. Manuel was the 14th king of Portugal and the ninth son of Infante Dom Fernando and Dona Brites, as well as the adopted son of King João II (r. 1481-95). Manuel ascended the throne when the royal heir, Dom Afonso, the victim of a riding accident, suddenly died. Manuel's three marriages provide a map of the royal and international history of the era. His first marriage (1497) was to the widow of Dom Afonso, son of King João II, late heir to the throne. The second (1500) was to the Infanta Dona Maria of Castile, and the third marriage (1518) was to Dona Leonor, sister of King Carlos V (Hapsburg emperor and king of Spain).Manuel's reign featured several important developments in government, such as the centralization of state power and royal absolutism; overseas expansion, namely the decision in 1495 to continue on from Africa to Asia and the building of an Asian maritime trade empire; and innovation and creativity in culture, with the emergence of the Manueline architectural style and the writings of Gil Vicente and others. There was also an impact on population and demography with the expulsion or forcible conversion of the Jews. In 1496, King Manuel I approved a decree that forced all Jews who would not become baptized as Christians to leave the country within 10 months. The Jews had been expelled from Spain in 1492. The economic impact on Portugal in coming decades or even centuries is debatable, but it is clear that a significant number of Jews converted and remained in Portugal, becoming part of the Portuguese establishment.King Manuel's decision in 1495, backed by a royal council and by the Cortes called that year, to continue the quest for Asia by means of seeking an all-water route from Portugal around Africa to India was momentous. Sponsorship of Vasco da Gama's first great voyage (1497-99) to India was the beginning of an era of unprecedented imperial wealth, power, and excitement. It became the official goal to create a maritime monopoly of the Asian spice trade and keep it in Portugal's hands. When Pedro Álvares Cabral's voyage from Lisbon to India was dispatched in 1500, its route was deliberately planned to swing southwest into the Atlantic, thus sighting "The Land of the Holy Cross," or Brazil, which soon became a Portuguese colony. Under King Manuel, the foundations were laid for Portugal's Brazilian and Asian empire, from Calicut to the Moluccas. Described by France's King Francis I as the "Grocer King," with his command of the mighty spice trade, King Manuel approved of a fitting monument to the new empire: the building of the magnificent Jerónimos Monastery where, after his death in 1521, both Manuel and Vasco da Gama were laid to rest. -
12 João III, king
(1502-1557)Portugal's most talented and accomplished monarch of the late Renaissance period. João III was the 15th king of Portugal, the son of King Manuel I. Well-educated by brilliant tutors, including the humanist Luís Teixeira, João at age 12 was introduced to the study of royal governance by his father. During his reign, Portugal reached the apogee of its world imperial power at least in terms of coastal area and number of different continents over which the scattered territories were spread. Portugal had a tenuous hold on various Moroccan cities, and during João's reign was forced to abandon most of the North African fortresses, due to Muslim military pressures. It was to the colonization and exploitation of giant Brazil, though, that João turned imperial attention. In diplomacy, no other monarch during the Aviz dynasty was as active; negotiations proceeded with Spain, France, and the Holy See. In domestic affairs, João III reinforced absolutist tendencies and built up royal power. It was João, too, who introduced the Inquisition into Portugal in 1536, after lengthy negotiations. The king encouraged a flowering of humanist culture as well, and among favored intellectuals were the great writers Gil Vicente and Damião de Góis.João III's reign was a vital turning point in the history of Portugal's first overseas empire (1415-1580). He found the empire at its zenith, yet when he died it was showing grave signs of weakness not only in Morocco, but in Asia, where rival European powers and the Turks were on the move. Portugal's very independence from Spain and even the royal succession were under a cloud when João III died in 1557 without a son to succeed him. Following tragic deaths of his children, João's only indirect heir was Sebastião, a grandson, who succeeded to rule a menaced Portugal. -
13 Sebastião I, king
(1554-1578)The king of Portugal whose disappearance and death in battle in Morocco in 1578 led to a succession crisis and to Spain's annexation of Portugal in 1580. He is the person after whom the cult and mythology of Sebastianism is named. Sebastião succeeded to the throne of Portugal at the tender age of three, upon the death of his father King João III in 1557. With his great-uncle Cardinal Henrique, he was the only other surviving legitimate male member of the Aviz dynasty. The Spanish menace loomed on Portugal's eastern horizons, as Phillip II of Spain gathered more reasons to make good his own strong claims to the Portuguese throne. A headstrong youth, Sebastião dreamed of glory in battle against the Muslims and was certainly influenced by the example of the feats of Phillip II's half-brother Don Juan of Austria and the naval victory against the Turks at Lepanto in 1571.Sebastião's great project was a victory in Africa, and he ordered a major effort to raise a fleet and army to attack Morocco. His forces landed at Tangier and Arzila and marched to meet the Muslim armies. In early August 1578, at the battle of Alcácer- Quivir, Portugal's army was destroyed by Muslim forces, and the king himself was lost. Although he was undoubtedly killed, his body was never found. The result of this foolhardy enterprise changed the course of Portugal's history and gave rise to the cult and myth that Sebastião survived and would return one foggy morning to make Portugal great once again. -
14 Afonso V, King
(r. 1446-1481)Born in 1432, the son of King D. Duarte I and D. Leonor of Aragon, Afonso was only six years old when his father died suddenly and a succession crisis and consequent civil strife began. His mother fled into exile in Castile, where she died in 1445. He attained his majority in 1446. In the 1450s, King Afonso presided over more Portuguese expansion in Morocco by the capture of more Moroccan cities, but progress down the western African coast was delayed by the king's intervention in Iberian royal politics in Castile. His ambitions in Spain were thwarted after his loss of the battle of Toro to Castilian forces in 1476. In the 1470s, the king encouraged Portuguese exploration, trade, and colonization in western Africa, including settlement in the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe in the Bight of Biafra. The king died in 1481, and as a member of the Aviz dynasty, he became known in the history of Portugal as "O Africano" ("the African") and had one of the longest reigns in Portuguese history. -
15 Filipe I, king
(1527-1598)Known to history usually as Phillip II of Spain, this Spanish monarch was the first king of the Phillipine dynasty in Portugal, or Filipe I. He ruled Portugal and its empire from 1580 to 1598. The son of Carlos V (Charles V) of Spain and the Hapsburg empire and of Queen Isabel of Portugal, Filipe had a strong claim on the throne of Portugal. On the death of Portugal's King Sebastião in battle in Morocco in 1578, Filipe presented his claim and candidacy for the Portuguese throne. In the Cortes of Almeirim (1579), Filipe was officially recognized as king of Portugal by that assembly, which was dominated by the clerical and noble estates. This act, however, did not take into account the feeling of the Portuguese people. A portion of the people supported a Portuguese claimant, the Prior of Crato, and they began to organize armed resistance to the Spanish intrusion. In 1580, Filipe sent a Spanish army across the Portuguese frontier under the Duke of Alba. Both on land and at sea, Spanish forces defeated the Portuguese. At the Cortes of Tomar (1581), Filipe was proclaimed king of Portugal. Before returning to Spain in 1583, Filipe resided in Portugal.There were grave consequences for Portugal and its scattered imperial holdings following the Spanish overthrow of Portugal's hard-won independence. Just how bitter these consequences were is reflected in how Portuguese history and literature traditionally term the Spanish takeover as "The Babylonian Captivity." Portugal suffered from the growing decline, decadence, and weaknesses of its Spanish master. Beginning with the destruction of the Spanish Armada (1588), which used Lisbon as its supply and staging point, Spanish rule over Portugal was disastrous. Not only did Spain's inveterate enemies—especially England, France, and Holland—attack continental Portugal as if it were Spain, they also attacked and conquered portions of Portugal's vulnerable, far-flung empire. -
16 Pedro II, king
(1648- 1706)The 23rd king of Portugal who ascended the throne in 1668. This followed the 1667 coup d'etat that deposed Pedro's handicapped brother, King Afonso VI, who was later held under house arrest in the Azores and then in the National Palace of Sintra for the remainder of his life. Pedro then married his sister-in-law. During his reign, Pedro signed the great peace treaty of 1668 with Spain, thus ending the War of Restoration. With increased revenues from mineral exploitation in Brazil, Portugal's national finances under Pedro were strengthened. With his chief minister, the count of Eriçeira, Pedro promoted the establishment of early basic industries. -
17 Pedro I, king
(1320-1367)The eighth king of Portugal and fourth son of King Afonso IV and Beatriz of Castile. His first marriage as prince and heir was to a daughter of a Castilian hidalgo (in Portuguese, fidalgo), Constança Manuel. In Constanca's retinue from Spain came the alluring lady-in-waiting, Dona Inês de Castro, a Gallician of Castilian stock. The notorious love affair between Inês and Pedro soon sparked a bitter conflict between Pedro and his father. Fearing the threat of Castilian intervention in Portuguese affairs using Ines's connection with Pedro, Afonso ordered the murder of Inês in 1355. Reacting to this tragedy, Pedro rebelled and went to war against his father, although a truce was called after a short period. Afonso died in 1357. Pedro became noted, during his brief reign of a decade, for avoiding war and for a record of even-handed justice. The legend that Pedro disint erred the corpse of Inês de Castro and proclaimed it queen grew up after Pedro's death in 1367 and became a popular theme in European literature centuries later. -
18 João I, king
(1385-1433)An illegitimate son of King Pedro I (r. 1357-1367), João I was the founder of the Aviz dynasty of Portuguese kings and master of the Order of Aviz. João's reign was essential in furthering the cause of Portugal's independence from a threatening Castile ( Spain), and Joao's armies, with the assistance of England, defeated the Castilian pretenders in 1385 at the great battle of Aljubarrota. To show gratitude to God, João ordered the beginning of the construction of the great abbey at Batalha. João's marriage to the English princess, Philippa of Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt, was another vital element in the strengthening of the monarchy and a prelude to overseas empire. Philippa gave João six children, among them the scholarly prince Dom Pedro and his brother, the Infante Dom Henrique or Henry of Aviz, known to history outside Portugal as "Prince Henry the Navigator." -
19 מלך ספרד
the king of Spain -
20 re
m invar kingmusic D* * *re1 s.m.1 king, monarch: il re di Francia, the king of France; re assoluto, costituzionale, absolute, constitutional monarch; il re degli animali, the king of beasts; il re dei cuochi, the king of cooks; Eolo è il re dei venti, Aeolus is the ruler of the winds; ( a carte) il re di fiori, di cuori, the king of clubs, of hearts; giurare fedeltà al proprio re, to swear fidelity to one's king // ( scacchi) scacco al re, check // fare una vita da re, ( di uomo) to live like a king; ( di donna) to live like a queen // i Re Magi, the Magi (o the Three Kings) // il Re Sole, (st.) the Sun-King (o le Roi-Soleil) // Cristo Re, Christ the King2 ( magnate) baron, magnate, king, tycoon: re del petrolio, oil baron; il re dell'acciaio, the steel kingre2 s.m. (mus.) D, re.* * *(= Reggio Emilia)* * *I [re]sostantivo maschile invariabile king (anche gioc.)il re degli animali — fig. the king of the beasts
il re del rock — fig. the king of rock
il re del petrolio — fig. the oil baron
II [re]i Re Magi — bibl. the Magi
sostantivo maschile invariabile (nota) D, re* * *re1/re/ ⇒ 1m.inv.king (anche gioc.); (il) re Carlo King Charles; il re di Spagna the king of Spain; il re degli animali fig. the king of the beasts; il re del rock fig. the king of rock; il re del petrolio fig. the oil baron\i Re Magi bibl. the Magi.————————re2/re/m.inv.(nota) D, re.
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